Intended for healthcare professionals

Feature Primary care

A UK university is helping to train Chinese GPs. This is why

BMJ 2024; 387 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.q2203 (Published 21 October 2024) Cite this as: BMJ 2024;387:q2203
  1. Sally Howard, freelance journalist
  1. London
  1. sal{at}sallyhoward.net

China has quadrupled its number of general practitioners and done much to rehabilitate GPs’ reputations, thanks in part to collaboration with doctors in the UK. But challenges remain. Sally Howard reports

For years Mr Li, aged 62 and based in the Daxing district in greater Beijing, had excessive thirst and fatigue and blurred vision. Until last year the retired farmer, who now lives with his adult daughter in the high rise towers of Daxing New Town, was one of China’s estimated 56 million “silent diabetics.” These are patients whose condition had gone undiagnosed and untreated because of a lack of access to community based primary care.

Like many Chinese people, Li distrusted primary care unless it was delivered in a hospital setting. “When you’re sick, you travel to the best hospital—even if it’s miles away. They treat you and you leave,” says Li—a mindset that has long been typical in China.

The country’s healthcare system is a public-private hybrid. GP consultations are largely funded through government subsidies and social health insurance schemes, with out-of-pocket payments levied for treatments. Though China achieved near universal healthcare insurance coverage in 2011, many still struggle to access high quality care, including those in rural areas and the country’s 297.5 million migrant workers.1 And, as the population ages, the situation is worsening.

Primary care in flux

Healthcare in China has seen rapid changes since the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), when primary care was provided in places of work in Chinese cities and by “barefoot doctors”—villagers who received minimal medical training and were tasked with providing services in rural areas, including first aid, public health promotion, and family planning.

This socialised infrastructure was disbanded with the economic reforms that came …

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